Priest Lake Veterinary Hospital Newsletters

Newsletter for February 2005

In this issue:

* Pet Nutrition update
* First Pet Campground
* Feral Dog Crisis in the U.S.
* Animal Acupuncture
* Choosing the right pet....Exotics?



VEGGIES CAN HELP KEEP OLDER DOGS SPRY

Exercise and a diet fortified with vitamins, fruits and vegetables helped older dogs learn new tricks and kept them spry in an experiment that scientists said could teach humans a thing or two.  Beagles given either the fortified diet, regular exercise or both did much better in learning new tricks than dogs fed regular chow and allowed to lie around more, the researchers reported on Tuesday.  Dogs are similar to humans in their dietary needs and the way they digest food, so the findings have implication for people, said Molly Wagster of the National Institute on Aging, which funded the study.  Dogs also can develop memory and learning problems as they age in much the same way people do.

"This research brings a note of optimism that there are things that we can do that may significantly improve our cognitive health," Wagster said in a statement.  "The combination of an antioxidant diet and lots of cognitive stimulation -- which was almost the equivalent of going to school every day -- really did improve brain function in these animals," added Elizabeth Head of the University of California Irvine, who worked on the study.  "We're excited about these findings because the interventions themselves are relatively simple and might be easily translated into clinical practice for people."

For the study, Head, William Milgram of the University of Toronto in Canada and colleagues studied 48 older beagles over two years.  Writing in the journal Neurobiology of Aging, they said they divided the dogs into four groups that got either standard care; a diet supplemented with tomatoes, carrot granules, citrus pulp, spinach flakes and supplements; standard care plus extra exercise and play; or the special diet and the special play and exercise regime.

A second set of 17 dogs aged 1 to 3 got either a standard or fortified diet.  Tests included having to find a hidden treat. The older dogs clearly benefited from the special diet and the special exercise program, the researchers said.  All 12 of the older beagles that got a supplemented diet and exercise could solve a difficult problem, compared to eight of 10 dogs that got the enriched diet alone and two of eight dogs that got no special treatment.

Last week the U.S. government issued new guidelines that encouraged Americans to eat more fruits and vegetables and to exercise for at least an hour a day to improve their health.



FIRST DEDICATED PET CAMPGROUND IN THE NATION OPENS


Nestled off the beaten path in the foothills of the Blue Ridge Mountains could be the answer to a predicament for pet lovers who want to share vacations with their pups.  It’s called Four Paws Kingdom Campground, a dream of Meik and Birgit Bartoschek. The German-born couple spent several years traveling the United States with their two dogs, in hopes of finding the perfect spot to build a campground targeted specifically to dog owners. Three years ago, the couple bought 30 wooded acres in the Green Hill township of Rutherford County, where they are completing the work on the campground.

“We love dogs and we love people and we felt there were plenty of other campers who would love to vacation with their dogs, just like us,” said Bartoschek, who greets visitors to his yet-to-be-finished dream with a graceful ease and ready smile. To make sure his hunch was correct, the former international marketing director for a chain of European resorts researched camping and pets.  “I found that about two-thirds of campers travel with their pets. That’s over 2 million people,” Bartoschek said.

According to Kampgrounds of America, the world’s largest system of franchised campground facilities, about one-third of their 2.5 million campers travel with their dogs. In fact, the KOA park in Cherokee opened an air-conditioned kennel that offers dog daycare. Officials say it is often filled to capacity.  Mike Gast, a KOA spokesperson, says many of the company’s 500 campgrounds in the United States also provide enclosed walking areas where dogs can run unleashed.  The Bartoscheks say they are taking that concept a step further. At Four Paws, Rover can run the agility course, take a dip in the poochie pond, get cleaned up in the custom bath-house, then get a trim at an outdoor grooming station. Mrs. Bartoschek is a certified agility trainer and she will offer training and exercise to campers during their stay at Four Paws.

While the campground caters to pet owners, the Bartoscheks say there are activities for people, as well. There will be 42 recreational vehicle sites; six sites for tents and two small cabins. Bartoschek says a playground for children will be installed in the next couple of weeks and more than half of the 30 acres remains a forest, where the couple cut out primitive hiking trails.  Mrs. Bartoschek is a well-known artist in Europe, where her work hangs in resort hotels. She says she will also offer art classes to campers, and she personally hand-painted all the signs in Four Paws.

The cost for camping is about average for the industry. It ranges from $23 to $33 a night and includes all the services to make Fido a happy camper.  Beginning May 14, Four Paws offers a “sneak peak” to campers at reduced rates. Word is spreading about the campground through pet owner and camper user sites on the Internet and through the company Web site, www.4pawskingdom.com.

“We are taking reservations, but we are not full yet,” said Bartoschek. “We even have a reservation from a man who’s bringing his pet wallaby. That’s a small Australian animal, similar to a kangaroo.”

Already local residents and pet owners frequent the agility training arena and bring their pets over to play.

“Our dogs just love it out here, and I think it’s a wonderful idea,” said Georganne Moyer, who owns a Bassett hound, Cameron, and a Jack Russell Terrier named Dixie. She met the couple through the Rutherford County Humane Society.

The campground will hold its grand opening on June 4, but getting to an opening day was not easy for the couple. They left behind careers in international marketing and the arts. Most banks in the area turned down their financing applications. Only one bank in Rutherford County agreed to lend a portion of the cost. So the couple dipped into their savings and turned to family for the rest.  Now they talk easily of working with local veterinarians to provide workshops and care for the animals and of future plans to hold a “true German Oktoberfest” for the community.  It would seem their days of struggle are behind them. Then, Bartoschek pauses to reflect as he pets one of his dogs at play in the completed agility training area.

“It is always a risk to go to another country and do something you’ve never dared and put all you have into it,” said Bartoschek.  “We were determined to have this dream and this land,” said Mrs. Bartoschek, her face beaming in the sunlight of an April morning in Rutherford County. “This is home and our future now.”



U.S. Facing Feral-Dog Crisis


Packs of wild dogs roam America's city streets and backcountry roads. Lingering on the edge of domestication, they live in dilapidated buildings, old cars, and sewers— anywhere that will shelter them from summer's blistering heat or winter's bitter cold.  Some are abandoned pets; others were born on the streets. In order to survive, these social creatures form packs, scavenging garbage or killing livestock in teams.

In rural communities, wild dogs attack livestock, angering farmers who commonly shoot them. A survey by the National Agricultural Statistics Service in 1999 found that feral dogs were partly responsible for killing cows, sheep, and goats worth about U.S. 37 million dollars.  Farms aren't the only place where these animals may be found. Low-income, high-crime neighborhoods in cities like Los Angeles, St. Louis, New York, Santa Fe, Pittsburgh, and Cleveland, are being overrun by tens of thousands of unwanted dogs, says Randy Grim, founder of Stray Rescue in St. Louis, a nonprofit organization that saves street dogs.

"The problem is only going to get worse," he said. "Animal control agencies and humane societies don't want to deal with it. It's just too overwhelming."

The problem started in the 1980s, Grim said, springing from a combination of increased dog fighting, dogs being bred for aggressiveness, and reduced animal control. Compounding the problem, he said, is that America's poorest neighborhoods do not have veterinarians or animal shelters.

In Detroit, packs of free-roaming dogs have posed such a danger that a postal service spokesman said they considered stopping mail delivery to some areas last year because carriers were "constantly being bitten" or injured eluding vicious animals.

In St. Louis, a 10-year-old boy was attacked and killed two years ago by a pack of stray dogs. Police Chief Ron Henderson told the St. Louis Post Dispatch: "They were feeding off this kid. I've seen over 1,500 bodies but I've never, never seen anything like this. Nobody has."

And it's not just a problem in the United States—it's worldwide.  According to some estimates, the current world population of domestic dogs may be as high as 500 million, of which a substantial, although unknown, proportion is free-roaming.  There have been news reports of feral dogs causing havoc in Australia, India, Russia, Taiwan, and Turkey.  In Greece, more than U.S. one million dollars is reportedly being spent on rounding up, sterilizing, and vaccinating thousands of street dogs in Athens before the 2004 Olympic games.

Most towns and cities across America have strong animal-control programs and veterinary services that keep the pet population in check, protecting citizens. But not all communities have that luxury.

The Rosebud Sioux Indian Reservation in South Dakota, where 23,000 people live, is one of the poorest counties in the nation.  The animal population on the reservation is at crisis levels. An estimated 4,000 dogs, covered with mange and ticks, roam the land and are sometimes so hungry they resort to cannibalizing other dogs.  The reservation does not have a veterinary hospital, and each week Indian health officials investigate an average of two dog bite incidents, often involving children.

"The animals need to be healthy in order to have a healthy community," said Karen Santos, Companion Animals Project Coordination for the International Fund for Animal Welfare (IFAW.)  In July, the nonprofit organization, along with other animal welfare groups, held a five-day clinic on the reservation, spaying and neutering 980 cats and dogs.  "Fixing the animals makes them less aggressive," explained Santos. This in turn, she added, will help reduce the extraordinarily high number of bites that occur on the reservation.  The clinic's staff also provided treatment for mange and vaccinations.  The program is the first time a humane approach to control the number of pets on the reservation has been carried out. A shoot-and-kill policy, she said, was previously in place.

Another clinic is being planned for May.

The IFAW also has sterilization programs in Turkey, Russia, the Indonesian island of Bali, and the Navajo Nation in Arizona—all aimed at reducing feral dog populations.  In St. Louis, Randy Grim, founder of Stray Rescue, is out on the streets everyday feeding 50 or more mutts.

If these wild dogs don't die of sheer starvation, he said, diseases such as parvovirus, heartworm, or intestinal parasites usually kill them. Their average life span is one to two years.  Many of the animals he sees were once "bait dogs"—smaller, passive animals used to train fighting dogs. Great Dane puppies are commonly used, he said, and wire is twisted around their legs to hold them down, so they can't run while being mauled during training sessions.

"If they live, they are just discarded onto the streets," said Grim. The animals are recognizable by their missing limbs, and scars from the brutal attacks.  Since starting in 1991, Grim is credited with saving 5,000 feral dogs, all of which—through months of gentle, loving care—have been turned into house pets and adopted by new families. Some have even gone on to become therapy animals, bringing joy to people in hospitals and nursing homes.  A book on his rescue triumphs and struggles was published this year, entitled The Man Who Talks To Dogs (St. Martin's Press, Melinda Roth.)

In between interviews and speaking engagements, Grim has found time to start a new program, called Operation East Side, that offers free spaying and neutering and medical care for dogs in low-income areas of St. Louis. He hopes to make it a model program for other cities to follow.  "The involvement of all of us in animal welfare is essential to solving this problem," said Grim. "Through sterilization and rehabilitation, the feral dog problem can be contained but first we must acknowledge its existence."



Animal Acupuncture


When Mary Morrison's 16-year-old border collie, Shadow, was diagnosed with kidney disease last year, traditional veterinary medicine offered two options: kidney dialysis or euthanasia.  Morrison chose another option altogether: acupuncture.

Three times a month for the past year, Morrison has brought Shadow to the Del Ray Animal Clinic in Alexandria, Virginia. There, during a typical 20-minute session, Anne Mixson, a board-certified veterinarian trained in veterinary acupuncture, inserts up to a dozen needles into various acupuncture points on Shadow's skin.  Acupuncture has not cured Shadow's kidney disease or slowed the decline of old age. But it has helped alleviate the collie's symptoms and discomfort.

"She has more interest in life, more pep. She's eating," says Morrison. "We haven't felt like she was ready to be put down."

Shadow represents both the promise and challenge facing veterinary acupuncture. Anecdotal evidence suggests that acupuncture is an effective treatment for a host of ailments in animals. But researchers still understand relatively little about why and how this alternative therapy works.

The American Academy of Veterinary Acupuncture in Hygiene, Colorado, says that acupuncture can treat ailments ranging from hip dysplasia and chronic degenerative joint disease to respiratory, gastrointestinal, neurological and urinary tract disorders.  Vets most commonly apply acupuncture to cats, dogs, cows and horses. But they also can treat pets like birds, ferrets and rabbits.  Veterinarians in the United States have practiced acupuncture since the early 1970s. The demand for acupuncture services has increased over the last decade, and it is raising fewer eyebrows from skeptical colleagues, practitioners say.

"Clients are asking for it every day," says Kevin Haussler, a lecturer with the department of biomedical sciences at Cornell University's College of Veterinary Medicine, in Ithaca, N.Y. "[They] are the number one reason why any of us are doing alternative therapies like acupuncture or chiropractic, because they want something more than just drugs or surgery."

"Within the greater veterinary medical community, I would say that acupuncture is very well accepted," says Haussler. "Because we're always looking for the next thing that is going to make animals feel better [and] reduce pain."


Historical Uses of Acupuncture


Acupuncture has been practiced on humans in China for more than 4,500 years. The first use of acupuncture on animals can be traced to the western Jin dynasty period of China from 136 to 265 A.D.  In this early form, sharp stones were used to cut and bleed specific locations on horses and other large working animals.  Traditional eastern medicine explains acupuncture as a method to assess and rebalance the flow of qi, or energy, that travels along 12 main linear pathways, or meridians, in the body.

Sickness comes from blocks or imbalance in the body's qi. To correct these imbalances, small needles, inserted in any number of 365 basic acupunture points, redirect the flow of energy and restore the body to health.  The West explains acupuncture by pointing out that most of the body's 365 main acupuncture points are located at clusters of nerves and blood vessels. Stimulating these areas triggers a host of local and general physiological effects, leveraging the body's own healing power.  Studies have shown that acupuncture can increase blood flow, lower heart rate and improve immune function.  Acupuncture also stimulates the release of certain neurotransmitters like endorphins, the body's natural pain-killers, and smaller amounts of cortisal, an anti-inflammatory steroid.


Closing the Research Gap


A leading research center on acupuncture and animals is Colorado State University's College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences in Ft. Collins.  Researchers there are exploring how acupuncture, in conjunction with anesthesia during and after surgery, can reduce the amount of anesthetic gas and post-operative pain medicine that a patient requires.  The reduction in medication can significantly lower the risk of adverse drug reactions in patients, according to Narda Robinson, a veterinarian and adjunct faculty member in the veterinary program at Colorado State University.

"I think the thrust of all this [research] is, how can we improve patient safety from medical procedures and [improve] their quality of life," Robinson said.  "The more that veterinarians learn and accept acupuncture and some of the other complimentary [alternative] medical techniques, the safety of medical intervention for animals will be that much better."



Choosing the Right Pet, Exotic Pets, Pets for Your Life Style


You think you want a pet. You have no idea what type of animal you want. Before you purchase any pet think about time, room and the patience. If you live in an apartment and work long days, a rat might be a good choice. Obviously, a dog will not be a good pet for you because of lack of space and little time to spend with him. Maybe a parrot would make a good choice in an apartment? Many people think that parrots will make great pets if you live in an apartment and do not have a lot of time to spend with the animal. Parrots are highly intelligent and require a lot of interaction with their owners. A cat or even two cats could be a good choice. They love to interact with you when your home but are independent enough to make do without you. There is much to consider before buying a pet, but I think I can help you determine what pet might be best for your lifestyle.


Dogs

Man's best friend the loyal dog. All dogs require exercise. Large breed dogs need lots of room to run around. They have so much to offer. A dog that loves their owner is a loyal friend for life. Times have changed though in dog ownership. Neighbors are less patience with noise and not patient at all with the waste involved with dogs! Be prepared to follow behind Spot with a pooper-scooper! Times have also brought about innovations such as the dog litter box. Yes, you can now train your dog to use a litter box. This is for small breed dogs. I cannot quite see a Great Dane using an indoor litter box. Dogs get very lonely without human interaction. So lonely in fact it will cause behavioral problems that are very difficult to correct. Dogs can be rather costly. You start with the original purchase price and then add the cost for license, shots, booster shots, maintenance, and veterinary care. Many illnesses and accidents can happen to a dog. Surgery, laboratory tests, and boarding costs just to name a few will add up into the thousands of dollars. A dog is a wonderful choice of pet if you have the time, love, and space to care for him. Nothing warms my heart more than seeing in the eyes of a dog the shine for the love and devotion of his owner.


Cats

Cats are an excellent choice in most households. If you have to spend, a lot of time at work cats are usually pretty forgiving as long as you give him a lot of love when you get home. A bow or two to his grace could not hurt either. Even the horrid litter box and the odor that comes along with the litter box is not much of a problem anymore. The new crystal litters are such a blessing to the cat owner. If you do work long hours you might want to consider two cats. This way they can keep each other company when you are not home. Be sure to have a cat tower, scratching pole and green plants to chew on that way they will hopefully leave your stuff alone. Cats do like to scratch up walls and couches, they will most likely use a scratching pole, but do keep in mind they can destroy your beautiful couch while you are away.


Houseplants can also be a problem with cats. First many plants are poisonous to cats and second you could come home to find that your one big plant is now lots of little plants all over your floor. Cats also cost a great deal to keep. Some local governments require cat licenses. They also need shots and then booster shots each year. The cost of cat food is not cheap and you should feed a high-quality cat food. Serving your cat a low quality food will cost you plenty of money in the end with urinary tract infections and other problems that occur because of feeding the incorrect food. Cats can have accidents and get sick, as with any pet, veterinary costs will always be involved in pet ownership.

Fish

Fish can fit into any lifestyle. They have their virtues in that they are quiet, need no vaccinations, and are utterly beautiful to watch. Starting cost can be quite expensive. First, you need to decide if you want salt water or fresh water fish. Gather all the information you will need to care for them properly. You must know how to correct chemical imbalances and ph problems in the tank, this must be correct before the fish are introduced to the water. There are accessories you will need to purchase for the fish tank. You will need a filter plate, filter, and gravel, plants that will keep algae under control, a heater for temperature, a thermometer, and a decholorinator to remove chlorine, a hood, and a light. After the tank is together, add the water then adjust the temperature and adjust the ph levels. Check the water again in 24 hours to make sure the balances of ph are stable and the water is the proper temperature for the variety of fish you want. You will need to learn about fish diseases and have the proper medications on hand. After the initial start-up cost, fish are not expensive to keep, food, chemicals, medications and the power to maintain the filtering, lightening and temperature of the fish tank. Fish may not be cuddly but they are excellent stress reducers.


Birds

One of our favorite pets is the bird. There are so many varieties and sizes of birds. Each bird variety is different in how you care for them. Pet birds range in size from the tiny little finch to the giant hyacinth macaw. The cost for the pet bird also ranges exorbitantly. The cost of a finch may be as little as $10 compared to the cost of a hyacinth macaw, which could cost $20,000, or more.

Small birds are good pets if you live in an apartment. Large parrots can also be pets for the apartment dweller, if you have plenty of quality time to spend with the parrot. Parrots tend to be very noisy. Their deafening screeches will easily travel through apartment walls. Parrots are also very messy.

Parrots are highly social, and extremely intelligent. They will need to spend plenty of time interacting with their owner. Parrots have a highly complex social structure in the wild. This socialization must be substituted for in the domestic bird. Parrots also need a large variety of stimulating toys to play with. Rotate the toys frequently to keep the bird from growing bored. Spend plenty of time each day talking to your bird; giving it supervised freedom from its cage, and playing with your bird.

Along with the initial cost of the bird, you will need to purchase a cage. Choose your bird's cage carefully. You do not need to spend thousands of dollars on a "bird entertainment system" but you do need to pick out a cage that is safe for your bird to live in, the larger the cage the better. Watch out for small parts that can be ingested. Make sure that the cage is secure. Parrots are master criminals and can escape easily from their cages. Make sure that the cage is primed and painted with a non-toxic substance. Birds do not need vaccinations but they do get ill and can have accidents so make sure you have access to a good avian vet before purchasing a bird. Bird proof your house before bringing your new pet home. Most of the following advice will apply to small birds as well as large parrots. Your home has many unsafe things in it. Non-stick cookware can emit toxic, fatal odors into the air and kill birds. Many houseplants are poisonous and will make a bird very sick or even kill it. Open boiling pots on the stove have taken many precious pets? lives as do open toilets and open containers. Ceiling fans and fireplaces must be off and out before a bird is allowed to roam free. Parrots have extremely long life spans and may out live you. Make sure you have plans if this should occur. Never let your bird out unless it is supervise.


Rodents

Maybe an ideal pet for you could be a rodent, though there is a great deal of difference between a rat and a hamster. Rats rarely bite and hamsters can be quite nippy. There are also gerbils and mice to take into consideration. Rodents take up little space, do not need to be walked, and are very quiet. Rodents are very inexpensive to keep and require no vaccinations. However, they too can become ill, have accidents and can require vet care.

All rodents have similar care in that they need a safe secure cage. Of course, a rat will need a larger cage compared to the mouse. Rodents will need an exercise wheel, toys, chew toys to keep their forever-growing teeth worn down, water bottles, food, and non-toxic bedding.

In the wild rats are highly social. I highly suggest purchasing two rats of the same sex. While there are some social species of hamsters, most are not social and should be kept in separate cages. Hamsters react to stress much more acutely than rats. While hamsters are good pets for children when they are together, they should be supervised. Hamsters can become afraid and deliver a nasty bite to the child and children could accidentally injure the hamster.

Supervise your rodents play at all times. There are many harmful and dangerous perils in a home. As with birds, toxic fumes can kill a rodent. There are also poisonous houseplants to watch out for, and places for the rodents to drown like open containers with liquid in them. Rodents are ideal for our urbanized society.


Sugar Glider

The Sugar Glider is a marsupial from Southern Australia. They make sweet, affectionate little pets. They love human attention and love to play. They sleep in the daytime and play at night so this may make an outstanding pet for a nocturnal human. These little sweeties require a healthy specialized diet. They cannot consume fat. The majority of their diet is fruit and vegetables (75%). They should receive protein (25%). It is unsafe for the sugar glider to roam free in your home. It is also unsafe for your home. They do chew on drapes and furniture. Keep the sugar glider out of the sunlight. Bright light can permanently blind them. Provide a proper enclosure for them. A cage should be no smaller that 24" inches in diameter and 38" tall for not any more than 2 animals. Bigger is better. They make excellent pets for the family that has time to spend with them. They are highly intelligent and social animals. Having two sugar gliders is better than one. Check out the laws in your area before purchasing a sugar glider.


Hedge Hog

Affectionately know as the "Yuppie Puppy" since its popularity as a pet is a recent occurrence. Hedgehogs are around 6 inches long and have quills on the top portion of their bodies. Their undersides are soft fur. These pets are also nocturnal. These little armored animals need to be caged. They require an exercise wheel and toys. Check the legalities of hedgehogs before purchasing. They do not take up a lot of space, and are very quiet.

Unfortunately, people grow disenchanted because they are difficult to handle and many hedgehogs become ignored and lonesome. The hedgehog is another pet that can be special for the right person.


Ferrets

These are loving and playful little animals. They are relatively quiet except for occasional chuckles. They take up little space and use a litter box. They should be caged and let out when they are supervised. They are explorers and this can get them into mischief and can lead to serious injuries. Make sure your home is escape proof before bringing your new pet home. They can get out the smallest of holes. Some of their means of escape may be a dryer vent, a heat vent, or even a mouse hole. I kept my ferrets in an extra bedroom. If you use a cage, let them out frequently for exercise and play. If they are housed in a cage, make sure the cage is no smaller than 2 X 3 feet and 2 feet high. Add hammocks for them to sleep in. Ferrets require a high protein, high quality food. There are commercial ferret foods available. However, they can be fed a high protein kitten good (not cat food) such as Iams. Ferrets require vaccinations. Ferrets should be spayed and neutered and their scent glands removed. You will usually buy them descented and neutered. Check legalities before purchase. They are not legal in all places. Ferrets make outstanding pets.


Primates

Monkeys are one of the most intelligent animals on earth. They are also the most difficult animals to keep as a pet. It is very expensive to keep a primate happy and healthy. A monkey that does not bite is extremely rare and their teeth are sharp. Monkeys are impulsive, unpredictable, and excitable. They can never be toilet trained. Monkeys should not be kept singly. They are social animals and socializing with you is not enough. They will become lonely and become sick or die. Having a monkey is like having a 6-month-old baby (basic needs) or a toddler (intelligence and agility) but for the next 20 to 40 years.

The cage needs to be big, the bigger the cage the better. Do not use anything less than a 12-gauge wire. A safety entrance must be included to prevent the escape of your monkey. Monkeys need light to survive, so provide them with a Vita-Lites (replicates natural sunlight) Primates need this light for their skeletal development. Variety is an important key to feeding a primate. Feed him a commercial primate diet, supplemented with fruits, nuts, cooked vegetables, wheat products and eggs. They also enjoy insects like crickets, grasshoppers, and mealworms.

Monkeys need a complete health exam once a year. They need their TB test to protect their health and you and your families? health. Also needed are a parasite examination and a complete blood screening. Find out the vaccination requirements for monkeys.

Monkey's are like children and can get into anything. Watch medicines, poisons, anything that is dangerous to a child, is more dangerous to a monkey because he can more readily get into things.

Be sure to check with your state, county, city, subdivision, and other local government agencies to see if primates are legal. If they are in fact legal in your state, it may be illegal in your county, city, or even neighborhood.

Please do considerable research before you purchase a monkey. If it seems like I am trying to persuade you away from buying a monkey as a pet, I am. With many exotic pet purchases, animals suffer. Luckily the cost of a monkey is prohibitive in it self and is less likely to be bought on a whim.


Arachnids

An arachnid is a spider and they have eight legs, insects have six legs. Spiders are not for everyone and they have very special needs. They can bite, though venomous, most species do no more harm than a bee sting. Like a bee sting, it is possible to be allergic to the spider's venom and you can go into anaphylactic shock. Any animal taken out of the wild deserves the largest enclosure possible. A fish aquarium makes an excellent enclosure. The top should be screen, cheese clothe or mesh so that the aquarium has ventilation. Keep the cage out of direct sunlight. Glass containers especially can get very hot which can kill the spider. Spiders are carnivores and predators. The spider crushes its prey with its powerful mouthparts.

A favorite arachnid of mine is the tarantula. The Grammastola Rosea, or Chilean Rose, is the most popular choice because of its easier disposition. Tarantulas are delicate creatures. When handling them be very careful that they don't fall, they can be skittish and a short fall can injure them severely or even kill them. Tarantulas do not like roommates. They are not social critters, so they must be kept one per enclosure.

A spider could be an excellent choice of pet for the right person. Protect your pet from other people, and protect other people from your pet. There could be liabilities in owning a venomous pet.


Reptiles

This would include snakes, iguanas, geckos, and many more pets that are reptilian. Reptiles have very specialized care from proper nutritional requirements, lightening, heat, humidity and enclosures.

People view snakes as requiring minimum care. This is not true at all; snakes require very special care from temperature to housing, diet, and health. What makes a snake make a good pet? They are quiet and docile, and most snakes are easy to handle. They are also clean and odorless. The owners must accept responsibility for keeping these animals in a safe and secure habitat.

Snakes are carnivorous. They are not vegetarian. A snake is fed once a week. Younger snakes should be fed more often. Find out what the best food or the foods that the species of snake that you are purchasing requires. Many snakes eat rats and mice. Make sure you have his home ready for him before you bring him home. You want to make 100% sure that the enclosure you are planning to use is escape proof. Make sure the cage is easy to clean, is ventilated, and is of adequate size. A good formula to use is 3/4 square foot of floor space for foot of snake. One end of the cage should be heated with a hot rock or an under tank heater. The other side should be cooler so the snake can choose to cool down when he needs to. A snake could make a good pet for some people.

Iguanas are not easy to care for. The iguana has become a very popular pet but few people are aware of the difficulty of caring for them. Iguanas are very expensive to care for. They require a very large cage, a varied fresh diet, proper temperatures, and UV lighting. Adult iguana's can become very aggressive. Iguana's can also grow up to six feet in length. An iguana needs a leafy green diet that is high in calcium. Serve the iguana no less than eight different leafy greens a day. These greens can be supplemented with fruits twice a week.

A baby iguana needs a cage that is at least 40 gallons or larger. Adult iguanas can grow up to 6 feet in length. As the iguana grows, he will need a larger cage. An adult will need a cage that is at least 8-feet tall and 12-feet wide.

Pet iguanas often suffer from Metabolic Bone Disease (MBD). The symptoms of MBD are swollen limbs and jaw, rubbery bones, brittle bones, recessed jaw, lethargy, and death. The cause of MBD is improper UV radiation, diet too low in calcium or too high in phosphorus. MBD can also be caused by too low of temperature so that the iguana cannot digest his food.

Be prepared for your iguana before you purchase him! Of any exotic pet species, I believe it is the iguana that has suffered the most in people's homes because of their need for highly specialized care.


Summary


Pets are wonderful companions for us. I know my home is not complete without several. People must take into consideration their finances, time they have to spend with a pet, space availability, and tolerance levels for destruction and noise. Other things to consider if the pet is nocturnal and you sleep at night when will this pet receive the attention he needs? How tolerant are your neighbors to noise? I have given you insight to various possibilities and you can see each pet is unique in terms of personality and care requirements. Research your choice of pet before purchasing and have his cage and necessities completely ready for him before bringing him home. This will alleviate much stress to your new pet. More than anything else love them and interact with them. You will have an outstanding companion for a long time.



Best Regards,



The doctors and staff of Priest Lake Veterinary Clinic